Titlebook: Voting in a Hybrid Regime; Explaining the 2018 Ali Riaz Book 2019 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license

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Book 2019encies, and meticulous analysis of election results. It also fills in a gap in the extant hybrid regime literature which seldom explores the strategies of engineered elections..? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.

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大包裹

Introduction,d various aspects of these emergent regimes and underscored the importance of elections as a tool in the continuation of the system. However, these studies have seldom examined the mechanisms of the manipulation of the election in detail. This chapter addresses this gap and employs the framework in

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,Bangladesh: From an Electoral Democracy to a Hybrid Regime (1991–2018),al democracy became the hallmarks at the auspicious beginning. However, within the following two decades, the quality of democracy deteriorated, and the country became an electoral authoritarianism, a variant of the hybrid regime. A manipulated general election in 2014, boycotted by all parties, pav

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The Mechanism of Manipulation,elections. They are employed at various stages and different state institutions are used, separately or together, to ensure a victory for the incumbent. This chapter provides a detailed description of the methods used in the 2018 election in Bangladesh. It argues that the election commission, law en

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The Election Day: Fear, Exclusion, and Persecution Come Together,around the world. This was on full display in the 2018 Bangladesh election. This?chapter, drawing on press reports and personal narratives of journalists and polling agents of different political parties, has documented the events of election day, December 30, 2018. The scenes of day included absenc

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