Titlebook: Open and Distance Education in Australia, Europe and the Americas; National Perspective Adnan Qayyum,Olaf Zawacki-Richter Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2018

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陳腐思想

Australia, access to educational opportunity. Correspondence education and external studies were the main form of DE until 1970. Since the mid-1980s, open, flexible and, later, internet-based online learning have dominated distance education design and delivery. Since 1993, all universities are allowed to off

Chromatic

jeopardize

Brazil,Brazil and DE began to expand substantially after 2000 when the federal government authorized increasing number of institutions to offer distance learning. In 2002, there were 25 institutions allowed to offer distance education serving less than 50,000 students. By 2016 there were 331 institutions w

FRAX-tool

,Brazil—Commentary,find a population where information, information and communication technologies, and education are harder to access. Yet, from 2000 to 2014 the number of students in higher education rose from 2.6 million to 7.8 million. These numbers were divided between on campus courses (presencialmente) with 83%

hyperuricemia

Canada,ion live near the southern border with the USA, and in its larger cities, Canada is still in general a sparsely populated country, with long distances between urban centres, and between urban centres and their vast hinterland. There are therefore strong geographical reasons for distance education.

glowing

,Canada—Commentary,hts and publishing ever since. Thus, Tony is the most qualified Canadian to overview the past but more importantly to forecast the emerging needs and opportunities for distance education institutions, students and researchers in Canada and abroad.

說明

Germany,ives can be traced back to the 1850s, ranging from correspondence to traditional distance and modern online distance education endeavors. In contrast, developments in the public educational sector are more recent, dating back to the 1950s after the Second World War, when Germany was divided in East

獨(dú)行者

辭職

United Kingdom,ondon (UoL), founded in 1826, was the first University to offer truly distance teaching from 1858, when the residential requirements previously in place for Universities were abandoned. Over a hundred years later in 1969, The Open University UK (OU), still the UK’s only single-mode distance teaching