Titlebook: Landscape Economics; Colin Price Book 2017Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Sprin

細(xì)微差別

admission

慢跑

Monetising Expert Valuations: Examples with Amenity Trees,sed characteristics of site and tree, monetised through the cost of replacement. Another uses similar characteristics, but is monetised through broad expert consensus on “reasonable” values. Neither refers directly to consumers’ judgements of benefit.

NICHE

,Cost–Benefit Analysis and Willingness to Pay for Landscape,stributional issues arise, but may be resolved in several economic and political ways. Financial, economic and social cost–benefit analysis have different ways of converting willingness to pay or accept compensation into measures of overall desirability. Risk and uncertainty are treated in a structured way.

冷淡周邊

Markets and Quasi-Markets,premium for goods linked to landscape maintenance. All these are affected by the free-rider problem. Obtaining warm glows is often invoked as the motivator, but the relationship to actual benefit delivered by landscape is questionable.

stroke

Implementing Desired Solutions,e externalities. Finance should generally be linked directly to beneficial aesthetic output, rather than just to encouragement of economic activity. The third sector may need not just financial resources, but encouragement, including to taking landscape economics seriously.

Abnormal

遍及

Controlled and Creative Subjectivity: Expert Mediation in Aesthetic Valuation,eriments. Those scales, and ones emanating from professional and consumer assessments, can be mapped to monetary equivalents in a general way through willingness to pay for travel, and to make sacrifices for better aesthetic experiences.

本能

Values Over Time, Technological advance has brought diminishing marginal utility of many products, but this affects the value of public goods quite differently from market goods, especially when their supply is limited, changes may be irreversible and futures are uncertain. Sustainability as an objective further queries the validity of discounting.

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