Titlebook: Intermediate Statistics for Geographers and Earth Scientists; R. B. G. Williams Textbook 1986Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1

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Two-factor and Multi-factor Analysis of Variance, measurements relating to the first criterion (Factor A) are replicated, whereas those relating to the second criterion (blocks) are not. The measurements are insufficient to enable one to judge very accurately whether the two criteria act independently or interact. If the variance estimate for erro

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Nested and Split-plot ANOVAs,rences in household incomes, for example, might begin by selecting a random sample of regions. Within each selected region, he might proceed to select a number of districts at random, then a number of households at random within each district. The sampling design is shown in Fig. 23.1.

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The Effects of Major Violations of the Assumptions of the Linear Regression Model,such a crucial role in the analysis of bivariate samples. Perhaps the greatest merit of the model is that it provides the simplest possible starting point for deriving inferences about a sampled population. All the tests of significance and methods of calculating confidence limits discussed in Chapt

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The Zero Intercept, Major Axis and Reduced Major-axis Regression Lines,casual glance through a research journal will reveal numerous examples of such lines. It is easy to fall into the habit of thinking that the lines so calculated are appropriate for all types of bivariate data. Situations often arise, however, which call for regression lines calculated in rather diff

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Analysis of Covariance,called that analysis of variance tests whether one or more “factors” affect a single variable, termed the response variable. Analysis of covariance goes a step further. It tests whether the response variable is affected by another variable or by a group of variables, in addition to one or more facto

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The Use and Abuse of Statistical Techniques,echniques. A great many advanced or specialised techniques have had to be left out in the interest of clarity and to save space. Despite this limitation it should be clear what sorts of problems statistics aims to solve, and the kinds of solutions it offers. The one general issue that remains to be