Titlebook: Integration of Ecosystem Theories: A Pattern; Sven Erik J?rgensen Book 2002Latest edition Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 development.ecol

短程旅游

甜得發(fā)膩

愛國者

Do we Need a New, Holistic Ecology?,roached from two sides: reductionism, where the relationships are found one by one and put together afterwards, and holism, where the entire system is considered and where it is attempted to reveal properties at system level.

OGLE

A Tentative Pattern of Ecosystem Theories,stem theories presented in this volume. It is, on the other hand, necessary to try to unite the theories and examine them for contradictions or to try to see if they form a pattern that can be used to give a better understanding of the nature of ecosystems and to solve global environmental problems.

Obverse

Towards a Consistent Ecosystem Theory,stem theories published in the scientific literature. It is on the other hand necessary to try to unite the theories and examine if they are tied up in contradictions or form a pattern that can be used to give a better understanding of the nature of ecosystems and to solve the global environmental problems.

無政府主義者

forager

出生

織物

Entropy and Ecology,Spontaneous changes are always accompanied by a degradation into a more dispersed chaotic form of the ecosystem because gas expands to fill the available volume and a hot body cools to the temperature of its surroundings.

褪色

Goal Functions, Ecological Indicators and Orientators,Goal functions are understood as functions that can describe the direction of ecosystem development. This should . be interpreted that ecosystems have predetermined goals, but rather that the self-organizing ability of ecosystems makes it possible to cope with perturbations by directive reactions which can be described by goal functions.