Titlebook: Handbook of Cancer Vaccines; Michael A. Morse,Timothy M. Clay,H. Kim Lyerly Book 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2004 Antige

桉樹

The Rational Design of T-Cell Epitopes With Enhanced Immunogenicityr-specific immune responses is supported, it remains a significant challenge to design cancer vaccine strategies that consistently overcome immunological tolerance in order to effectively activate and maintain therapeutic T-cell responses. Experimentation in the late 1980s and 1990s has resulted in

幼兒

Identification of Tumor Antigens Using Subtraction and Microarrayss such as antibody and T cells from cancer patients. Genes identified via this integrated approach have the advantage of being tumoror tissue-specific and broadly expressed in cancers. Numerous tissue- and tumor-specific genes have been identified in prostate, breast, lung, and colon cancers using t

enchant

Tumor Antigen Discovery With T Cellsge colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in response to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched tumor targets. Tumor-reactive class II restricted T cells have also been identified in a significant percentage of the cultures of sensitized PBMC or TIL cultures containing

GLARE

Immune Defects in Cancer system .. The correlation between the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and survival of patients with melanoma ., breast ., bladder ., colon ., neuroblastoma ., ovary ., and prostate . cancers gives hope that the manipulation of tumor escape mechanisms, by immuntherapeutic interventions, m

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Escape of Tumors From the Immune Systemr human tumors to escape the immune system. In addition, current evidence supports a model by which this active tumor-mediated immunosuppression is largely the result of secretion of the potent immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?). In this review, the evidence supporting

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Peptide-Based Vaccinesimmunization to foreign proteins normally elicits immunity to only a subset of potential epitopes, dominant epitopes, whereas other potentially immunogenic epitopes, subdominant epitopes, are ignored. There is evidence that T cells are tolerant to the dominant epitopes of self-proteins, but may resp

任命

Antibody-Inducing Cancer Vaccines Against Cell-Surface Carbohydrate Antigenspy is the ideal time for immune intervention, and in particular for administration of cancer vaccines aimed at instructing the immune system to identify and kill these few remaining cancer cells. If antibodies of sufficient titer can be induced against tumor antigens to eliminate tumor cells from th

SHOCK

ascetic

Pox Viral Vaccinestigen-presenting cells (APCs) allowing them to process the antigens, and c) the relative low cost. The ability to incorporate multiple transgenes within one vector is unique to these large virions, and allows for potential synergy of the incorporated gene products. This chapter will provide some ins

Intellectual

Alphaviral-Based Strategies for the Immunotherapy of Cancersses. Fewer studies have evaluated alphavirus vectors for their antitumor immunotherapy potential and all are preclinical. In contrast, DNA viruses, such as adenovirus or the pox viruses, have progressed to human cancer clinical trials, despite alphavirus vectors having distinct potential advantages