Titlebook: Gender in Russian History and Culture; Linda Edmondson (Research Fellow) Book 2001 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers

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,Complex ‘Realities’ of ‘New’ Women of the 1930s: Assertive, Superior, Belittled and Beaten,ualities, ‘reality’ is invariably distorted, masked or reconstructed by propaganda about it. Citizens are informed by rulers about the meanings of the worlds in which they find themselves. Reality is thus consumed by a targeted audience, internalized and variously filtered. Reactions are various, not identical.

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FLORA

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Gender and Salvation: Representations of Difference in Old Believer Writings from the Late Seventee refused to accept the liturgical changes introduced by the patriarch Nikon and enforced by the state. From the seventeenth century this oppositional religious movement spread all over the Russian Empire and split into numerous inner divisions. The main division was between . (priestly) and . (pries

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,Mariya Vernadskaya: Missionary of ‘Scientific Femininity’, which sexual inequality has disappeared, is the paradigmatic formula in the discourse of the ‘woman question’ in Russia during the 1860s. Hopes for the achievement of gender equality through reason, coeducation and a rationalist explanation of the world are well expressed by one contemporary, Mariy

formula

,‘Belles-lettres with a Touch of Filth’: On the Contemporary Reception of Leonid Andreev’s Stories, ning of a short spell of extraordinary freedom of expression and sexual tolerance in Russia, before this liberty disappeared again under Soviet rule. Paradoxically, the new openness on sexuality was sparked off by an attempt at moral rearmament, Tolstoi’s story . (1889), in which the grand old man o

Allure

,Unruly Identities: Soviet Psychiatry Confronts the ‘Female Homosexual’ of the 1920s, during the first years of the Bolshevik regime. Yet in contrast to pre-revolutionary discussions of the issue, a significant number of case histories and reports of women engaged in same-sex love appeared in scientific journals of the 1920s. Moreover, determined efforts were made by psychiatrists t

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Biding Their Time: Women Workers and the Regulation of Hours of Employment in the 1920s,cularly on the debates which took place in the 1920s.. Restrictions on the hours of employment for women workers, and specifically the exclusion of women from night shifts in certain industrial sectors, were first introduced in the nineteenth century. The controversies which the original night shift

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