Titlebook: Enterprise Reforms in a Centrally Planned Economy; The Case of the Chin Xun-Hai Zhang Book 1992 Xun-Hai Zhang 1992 centrally planned econom

Nutraceutical

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vibrant

Thermal System Design and Optimizationnd World War in 1945, the Chinese Guomindang government took over these three bicycle factories and later sold them to local national capitalists. In the following few years, Chinese bicycle production stagnated and the highest level reached was 15 520 units in 1949.

煉油廠

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7153-2ions changed from excess demand to rough equilibrium or excess supply. The experience of the Chinese bicycle industry since the reform provides an interesting case study of the impact of reform and adjustment policies and the attempt to shift from extensive to intensive industrial development.

Adenoma

Introduction, industrial enterprises had little freedom of action with regard to making production plans, choosing inputs, setting prices, marketing products, and disposing of profits and losses. Such a system in which there is no penalty for inefficiency or awards for efficiency provides no incentives, and thus it breeds built-in bureaucratisation and waste.

cochlea

窒息

窒息

instate

,Enterprise-level Financial Reforms (1978–86),endent economic units, particularly to make them assume responsibility for financial gains and losses. The Chinese reformers have taken the financial reform as the ‘key link’ in the overall enterprise reform process.

玉米

整理