Titlebook: Decision-Making during International Crises; Jonathan M. Roberts Book 1988 Jonathan M. Roberts 1988 communication.crisis.crisis management

Chipmunk

The Decision-Maker decision-making approach is derived from human perception, whereas a systemic crisis is objectively derived. It is the decision-maker’s subjective view of the world that really counts, not objective reality. In fact there is no such thing as ‘reality’ as everyone interprets a given situation differ

引起

歡騰

The Individual and the Groupdent or PM will call together a group of advisers, with whom discussions will take place throughout the period of the crisis. This group of people — the ‘crisis team’ — form the core from which the nation’s crisis behaviour is determined, for example, a progressive evolution of the core group has ta

delegate

Delude

增減字母法

Bone-Scan

Irinel-Constantin Mor?rescu,Mirko Fiacchinicisions made by actors, whether the decision-maker is aware of those factors or not (see Table 4.1): ‘the operational environment affects the results of outcomes of decisions directly but influences the choice among policy options, that is, the decisions themselves, only as it is filtered through the images of the decision-makers’.

確定

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24954-9ng. Formally, at a high level, the NSC may be used or, at a lower level, the WSAG may be allowed to conduct American crisis policy. The informal technique is the use of an . decision-making unit, such as that used during the missile crisis and Korea 1950, composed of advisers of the President’s choosing.

Spinal-Fusion

一大塊