Titlebook: Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research; Norbert Schwarz (Program Director),Seymour Sudman Book 1992 Springer-Verlag New York

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Thoughts on the Nature of Context EffectsDespite over 40 years of study, question order is probably the least developed and most problematic aspect of survey research. As Schuman and Presser (1981) remarked in their work on survey methodology:

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Order Effects within Personality MeasuresAs early as 1692, Christian Thomasius had developed 12-point rating scales to measure psychological character (McReynolds & Ludwig, 1984). In the ensuing three centuries, our measurement theories have been refined and have markedly improved the quality of the information that we obtain (F. M. Lord & Novick, 1968; Hulin, Drasgow, & Parsons, 1983).

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Context Effects on Responses to Attitude Questions: Attitudes as Memory Structures principles as other material in memory. Innocuous though it may seem, the conception of attitudes as structures in long-term memory has wide-ranging implications concerning the organization of attitudes and the process through which respondents answer attitude questions.

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Calculus

Book 1992wing on recent developments in cognitive psychology, they offer theoretical accounts of the conditions that lead to the emergence of various context effects and report a number of new experimental studies. At stake now are clear, practical needs in the structuring of reliable tests, and a strong int

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77599-5n a 1984 conference held at ZUMA. We believe that both cognitive psychologists and survey researchers have benefited greatly from the dialog and research that have grown rapidly in the past decade between the two disciplines.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77995-5 in determining its influence (cf. Schwarz, Strack, Hippler, & Bishop, in press). To avoid unnecessary complications, however, the scope of this chapter will be confined to situations in which the questions have to be answered in the sequence in which they are presented.

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Traumatic Forms of Vertigo and Dizziness,rocesses within cognition and social cognition (e.g., Barsalou, 1987; Higgins, 1989b; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986b; Srull & Wyer, 1989; T. D. Wilson, Dunn, Kraft, & Lisle, 1989). Research in “contingent decision processes,” as exemplified by J. W. Payne (1982), Feldman and Lindell (1990), and Biehal and Chakravarti (1983), is part of the same theme.

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Gilbert A. Valverde,María José Ramírez were considered, or the focus was on part-whole combinations of questions. Schwarz and his associates also studied the effects on responses when different ranges of response categories are offered (e.g., Schwarz & Hippler, 1987).