Titlebook: Vitamin D and the Lung; Mechanisms and Disea Augusto A. Litonjua Book 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Airway Smooth Muscle C

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Vitamin D Deficiency: Historical Perspectivescent National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys also show high rates of biochemical vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in representative samples of healthy adolescents and adults in the USA. Scientific advances in the vitamin D field have emphasized the relevance of optimal vitamin D stat

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Perspective: Evolution of Human Skin Color: How Low Levels of Vitamin D Drove Natural Selectiond into Europe. As humans moved away from the equator, their exposure to sunlight diminished, particularly in the winter months. This decrease in sun exposure at higher latitudes led to reduced levels of vitamin D. Reduced vitamin D levels led to infertility and reproductive inefficiency which fueled

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Vitamin D and Lung Development in Early Lifeng orchestrated by a complex array of spatiotemporally specific transcription factors, growth factors, and physical forces. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) produced by the alveolar epithelium induces adepithelial fibroblast differentiation by stimulating peroxisome proliferator-activated

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Vitamin D and the Innate Immune Responseabolites has been demonstrated to mediate the expression of antimicrobial peptides, induction of autophagy, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as mechanisms of host defense. The role of vitamin D has been well characterized in the context of tuberculos

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Vitamin D and Regulatory T Cellscluding asthmatic disease. These and further studies have increased interest in the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D beyond its well-defined role in bone health and calcium homeostasis. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is ubiquitously expressed in cells of the immune system including activated T

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Dendritic Cell Modulation by the Vitamin D System metabolism, exhibits also a wide range of immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and T and B lymphocytes, express the vitamin D receptor (VDR), can produce 1,25(OH).D., and respond to t

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The Role of Vitamin D in the Development, Exacerbation, and Severity of Asthma and Allergic Diseases are rapidly transitioning to a westernized way of living. Since vitamin D deficiency has become prevalent, vitamin D likely has a role to play in the rise in prevalence of these disorders. However, there are two countervailing hypotheses regarding this role. The first hypothesis is that introductio