Titlebook: Visible Light Communications; Xin Lin Book 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Natur

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Optical Multiple-Access Techniques,an be classified into two categories based on their physical nature: optical and electrical. This chapter introduces three major optical multiplexing technologies: WDM (wavelength division multiplexing), SDM (space division multiplexing), and PDM (polarization division multiplexing). For TDM (time d

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VLC Standards,h is an effective way to ensure the healthy development of VLC technology. This chapter introduces three representative current VLC standards respectively: JEITA CP-122X (X=1, 2, 3) for low-speed unidirectional ID communications, IEEE 802.15.7 for medium to high-speed short-range communications, and

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VLC Current Applications,based indoor illumination-light communication systems, which including emergency-light-based LBS system, VLC-based visually impaired guidance system, Li-Fi system using VLC and PLC hybrid access mode, and LED-based IoT systems. As non-terrestrial applications, this chapter focuses on LED-based under

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VLC System Designs,channel, theoretical upper limit on the transmission rate (i.e., Shannon’s theorem) in the spatial channel as well as the receiver SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). Finally, the multipath effect generated by reflections and plural sources during indoor ray transmissions is discussed.

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VLC Modulation Techniques,ifferent effect of various modulation schemes of BIM on BER (bit error rate), bandwidth requirement, and flicker generated by optical modulation is also discussed. Additionally, the VLC-specific CSK (color-shift keying) scheme is also introduced.

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