Titlebook: Verification and Validation of Complex Systems: Human Factors Issues; John A. Wise,V. David Hopkin,Paul Stager Conference proceedings 1993

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Limits to Analysis and Verificationem. We will not give a rigorous definition of complexity here. A workable approximation may be to state that complexity is a function of the number and properties of the dependencies (intentional and unintentional) which exist between the items of a system and between a system and its environment (adapted from Mancini, 1988).

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Verification and Validation: Concepts, Issues, and Applicationsation of large human-machine systems. Increased integration, interdependence and complexity seem to have become hallmarks of progress in such systems. The pace of progress can outstrip the identification and consideration of all its implications.

憤慨點(diǎn)吧

Basic Considerations in Verification and Validationly interdependent). Such systems can significantly increase efficiency and allow the development and operation of systems that were previously impossible. Perrow (1984), however, argues that complex systems that are also highly-coupled are inherently unstable and are susceptible to system induced catastrophes.

清澈

Assessment of Complexityntain deterministic subsystems whose behavior is described by difference equations. The appreciation that small errors in the design, measuring device, or (human) control action are also subject to the so-called Butterfly Effect induces stress upon the human supervisory task.

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