Titlebook: Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Urology; Xu Zhang Book 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and People‘s Medical Publishing House 2

pancreas

Robotic Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy in 4–10% of patients. Radical nephrectomy (RN) with tumor thrombectomy is the standard of care for these difficult cases. Even such complex operative procedures were conducted in an open fashion, potential fatal complications caused by bleeding or embolism may occur. Open surgery requires a big abd

Contort

單片眼鏡

DEMN

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy for transplantation. Living donor renal transplantation offers an effective way to alleviate the kidney shortage status. Living donor renal transplantation was increasing performed to fulfill huge demand of donor kidneys First living donor laparoscopy nephrectomy was performed in 1995. Laparoscopic

Charlatan

hallow

Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomyal rate of RCC is near 90% in stage I, and 70% in stage II [1]. The incidence of RCCs has been increased over the past several decades due to the common use of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT). Majority of these tumors are at lower clinical stage upon diagnosis, which may allow preservat

短程旅游

關(guān)心

祖先

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomyopic lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy [1]. However, in rare circumstances where the stones are large, impacted at the proximal or mid ureteral, and endoscopic modalities have failed, open surgery or laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is a feasible alternative to achieve better stone clearance

BAIT

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureteroureterostomy for Retrocaval Ureterer [1] in 1893. Incidence of retrocaval ureter is 1 in 1100 live births, with a male to female ratio of about 2.8:1 [2]. This abnormality is a vascular rather than ureteral embryologic phenomenon, with the ureter passing posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC).