Titlebook: Surgical Approaches to the Spine; Robert G. Watkins Book 20032nd edition Springer Science+Business Media New York 2003 Wirbels?ulenchirurg

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Transsternal Approach to the Cervicothoracic Junction,ssion of the spinal cord. In the majority of cases, restoration of spinal stability by reconstruction of the resected segments represents an equally important goal of surgery. Such reconstruction should he carried out in conjunction with instrumentation to achieve rigid and immediate internal fixation.

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Anterior Approach to the Cervicothoracic Spine,tation and technique. In addition, the increasing familiarity of many surgeons with the anatomy of the area makes less radical approaches more desirable. We present a stepwise approach to the area that may obviate resection of the clavicle or the manubrium, depending on how much exposure can be obtained before proceeding with those steps.

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Transaxillary Approach to the Upper Dorsal Spine,ompared with that obtained by complete mobilization of the scapula. The approach is not indicated in obese individuals or in males of substantial muscular build with hypertrophic pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles. The approach described here is from the right side, although the left-side approach is commonly used.

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Book 20032nd editionogy has exploded, thereby in- creasing the need for multiple access sites to the spine. The book was originally written because the spinal surgeon sometimes lacked the ability to approach the spine with the ideal procedure. As a result, spinal problems were often handled with a posterior approach wh

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Anterior Cervical Approaches to the Spine,, the carotid sheath, and the longus coli muscle (Fig. 1A).. Categorization is based on the direction of approach relative to these specific structures, as demonstrated in the table. For example, approach no. 1 is medial to the stemocleidomastoid muscle (therefore, retracting it laterally) and media

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