Titlebook: Social Exchange; Advances in Theory a Kenneth J. Gergen,Martin S. Greenberg,Richard H. W Book 1980 Plenum Press, New York 1980 ETA.Marx.com

上流社會

A Theory of Indebtednessth century ..: “Accept favors in the foreknowledge that you will have to give a greater return for them.” Four centuries later the Roman Seneca observed that “He who receives a benefit with gratitude, repays the first installment on his debt.” Although the idea of an obligation to repay benefits has

Conducive

獨行者

savage

Resource Theorylly exchanged for one another. Later on, one commodity—money—became standardized and widely accepted; the money-merchandise exchange was then born, and to this day it has maintained the pride of place in economic practice and thinking. But money is also exchanged with services when we pay the plumbe

ticlopidine

Leadership and Social Exchange Processes “Influence over others is purchased at the price of allowing one’s self to be influenced by others.” The leader receives approval in the form of status, esteem, and the potential for greater influence. The followers in turn receive the benefits of the leader’s efforts, if successful, in the form of

防止

Tincture

Sex Roles, Social Exchange, and Couplesg a spouse is one of the major concerns of young adults in our society. The success of such relationships is of interest, not only to the individuals themselves and to their families and friends, but also to society at large, because of the importance of the family as a primary institution for stabi

不吉祥的女人

An ‘Incremental Exchange’ Perspective on the Pair RelationshipLevinger, 1976) we described a new model, based on a framework we called incremental exchange theory, which incorporates such temporal changes in the reward structure. This model was applied to altruistic behavior, self-disclosure, attraction, and romatic involvement.

寒冷

Structural and Motivational Approaches to Social Exchangen anticipation of receiving something else in the future. This may be as simple as a smile in exchange for a smile, or morning’s greetings for morning’s greetings, or it may be a dinner invitation for a favor done. The notion of exchange, or reciprocity (see below for a conceptual distinction betwee

compel

The Myth of Reciprocitye on reciprocity, and have felt it worthwhile to study this phenomenon. In part, this is because reciprocity has been tied to certain notions about social stability. For instance, Marcel Mauss (1925) argued that various types of reciprocal exchange serve not only as a cohesive force internally, but