Titlebook: Sand Dune Conservation, Management and Restoration; J. Patrick Doody Book 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Coastal cons

expansive

,Vegetated States and Values – Inland Dune, sand dune inland of the beach and foredune, where there is one. Vegetation usually covers the surface, as described in Sects. 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5 and 1.3.6. States 1–4 relate to different grazing pressures, State 5 to afforestation and State 6 the presence of native woodland. The chapter provides t

CHYME

,Trends and Trade-offs – Beach/Foredune,requently encountered, seaward progradation (Physical State 3) much less so. This chapter considers the ecosystem services and values of the three states identified in . and the trends and trade-offs associated with different management options. It provides an explanation of the way the values of ea

landfill

,Trends and Trade-offs – Inland Vegetated Dune,ibed in ., from pioneer dunes to scrub and woodland. However, most coastal dunes have had some form of human interference in the past. The introduction of domesticated stock more than 5,000 years ago helped modify dune vegetation in some parts of the world (Sect. 2.4.2). This chapter is concerned wi

ENACT

adroit

,Management and Restoration – Applying Best Practice,nd vegetated sand dunes (. and .). Two simple State Evaluation Models (Sects. 6.2.4 and 7.2.6) provide a means of visualising the relationship between the states. Based on the current ‘value’ of each state it is possible to identify if the habitat at each location is in the ‘desired state’ or not. I

paroxysm

,Integrated Action – Golf Course Management, the origins of golf, on sand dunes (links) in Scotland. Golf is and continues to be a major use of sand dunes, especially in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It has expanded into other European countries, North America and around the world. Reconciling golfing with nature conservation objectives is

libertine

Instrumental

Present Threats and Future Prospects,, setting their conservation requirements in a wider historical context. In particular, it looks at the way human use has constrained and changed the processes necessary for sand dune development, along the active coastal margin, and inland. It considers whether this and the extent of habitat loss h

AWE