Titlebook: Rhizomania; Enrico Biancardi,Tetsuo Tamada Book 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 BNYVV.Beta maritima.Polymyxa betae

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Molecular Biology and Replication of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virusral processes within infected cells and tissues allows fundamental biological discoveries and could inspire new antiviral strategies. BNYVV amplification involves the direct translation of genomic RNAs to produce the viral machinery (replicase), which in turn recognizes genomic RNAs for their specif

得意人

Genetic Diversity of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virusidated in rigid rod-shaped particles. The members of . including four species are similar to those of the family ., in respect of viral particle assembly, movement, and plasmodiophorid transmissibility. Recent studies revealed that ancestors and/or relatives of benyviruses may have infected a wide r

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Ecology and Epidemiologyospores of the vector .. Virus-carrying resting spores of . retain infectivity for long periods in soil. The amount of virus-carrying . (inoculum potential) in soil can be assessed by means of a bioassay using bait plants. The dynamics of disease development were demonstrated by introducing differen

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Control of the Disease disease is still expanding, notwithstanding the quarantine measures tried in several countries. Since the first observations, the new disease has appeared unusually dangerous for the beet crop, mainly due to the easy spread and the severe effects on sugar yield. When the etiology of rhizomania was

FIR

Genetic Resistancesd-1980s, the breeding research led to the release of monogenic resistance, which reduced drastically the damage caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). At least two origins of the currently employed traits (Rz1 and Rz2) were identified in . collected in the Po River Delta, Italy, and at K

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Engineering Transgenic Rhizomania Resistance beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), through the use of varieties, specifically bred as resistant to the disease. Although breeding ingenuity has to date achieved successful control of the disease throughout the world, resistant varieties may still suffer significant losses. At the same time, e

insular

Breeding Methodsuation and chemical analyses of individual beets or plot samples grown in rhizomania diseased field. Advanced selections are usually performed in glasshouse, where more uniform inoculum and growing conditions are possible. Traditional systems are still today employed for reproduction of selected bee

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Glossy

Perspectiveia will likely continue as a threat to sustainable sugar beet production, and cultural controls to mitigate disease damage are currently ineffective, additional sources of genetic resistance must be developed. Evidence suggests that existing rhizomania resistance genes are members of the canonical N