Titlebook: Retinal Vein Occlusions; Evidence-Based Manag David J. Browning Book 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 Anti-VEGF drugs.Ele

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Posterior Segment Neovascularization in Retinal Vein Occlusion,clusion led to the hypothesis of a diffusible factor arising from ischemic retina as the cause of the complication.3,26 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was subsequently discovered to be that mediator (see Chap. 2).28 In this chapter, we focus on the clinical manifestations of PSNV in retin

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Anterior Segment Neovascularization in Retinal Vein Occlusion, levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It differs in that it generally requires higher levels of VEGF to induce anterior segment neovascularization than to induce posterior segment neovascularization. Because levels of VEGF correlate with area of retinal ischemia, it is rare for anter

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Macular Edema in Retinal Vein Occlusion,ptical coherence tomography (OCT) and, when more prominent, by slit lamp biomicroscopy.10 It may be signaled by fluorescein leakage on late frames of fluorescein angiography (FA), but there are cases in which no fluorescein leakage is apparent (see Fig. 8.3).

Flatter

Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusions,central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)) have been tried and discarded as evidence accumulates of inefficacy or too many adverse events. These treatments are covered, mainly for historical purposes, in Chap. 15. On the other hand, some treatments are not adopted because of impracticality or cost-benef

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Retinal Vein Occlusions in the Young,rm an important subset of patients because the common risk factors are less common in this group (see .).35 The definition of “younger” varies among reports. The cutoff point between younger and older ages varies from 40 to 60.2,16,28 Estimates for the size of this subgroup vary and are somewhat wea

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Failed and Unadopted Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusions,herapies is particularly long. A review of the failures and an analysis of the reasons may be helpful for future attempts at devising more successful therapy than we currently have. Reasons for failure range widely: treatment is based on an erroneous conception of pathogenesis, too many complication

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Case Studies in Retinal Vein Occlusion,d in earlier chapters. RVOs present to the clinician with multiple manifestations. Most of the variations to be found in everyday clinical practice will be found within the examples of this and the other chapters. Abbreviations commonly used in the case studies are listed in Table 16.1. Each abbrevi

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Anatomy and Pathologic Anatomy of Retinal Vein Occlusions,etinal vein occlusion (HCRVO). The causes of all three types of retinal vein occlusions are multifactorial, involve diverse anatomic configurations and physiologic pathways, and may differ in each instance of occlusion.

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Macular Edema in Retinal Vein Occlusion,ptical coherence tomography (OCT) and, when more prominent, by slit lamp biomicroscopy.10 It may be signaled by fluorescein leakage on late frames of fluorescein angiography (FA), but there are cases in which no fluorescein leakage is apparent (see Fig. 8.3).

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Case Studies in Retinal Vein Occlusion,d in earlier chapters. RVOs present to the clinician with multiple manifestations. Most of the variations to be found in everyday clinical practice will be found within the examples of this and the other chapters. Abbreviations commonly used in the case studies are listed in Table 16.1. Each abbreviation is spelled out at its first occurrence.