Titlebook: Responses of Northern U.S. Forests to Environmental Change; Robert A. Mickler,Richard A. Birdsey,John Hom Book 2000 Springer Science+Busin

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Climate and Atmospheric Deposition Patterns and TrendsFurthermore, future characteristics of ecosystems in the region will depend on future climate, weather, disturbance, and pollution patterns that may develop in response to natural or human-caused changes in our atmospheric environment.

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Tree Health and Physiology in a Changing Environment small fraction of total mass, which decreases over time, as older branches are shed. Also shed are leaves, roots, and outer bark. However, aging wood cannot be shed, but dies internally as sapwood is transformed into a core of protection wood, often called “heartwood” (Fig. 7.1b,c; Table 7.1).

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Effects of Soil Warming on Carbon and Nitrogen Cyclingse gases will result in higher mean global temperatures, or the “greenhouse effect.” Currently, the radiative forcing of climate by greenhouse gases is predicted to increase global mean annual temperature by 1 to 3.5°C in the next 100 years, with a greater warming occurring in the higher latitudes than at the equator (.).

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Regional Impacts of Climate Change and Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Forest Productivitystore 90% of the C in terrestrial vegetation (.), so fluxes of C between forest biomass, forest soils, and the atmosphere are key components of global and regional C budgets. In the northeastern U.S., forest production is especially important because nearly 70% of the land area in the region is forested (.).

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Effects of Climate Change on Forest Insect and Disease Outbreaksforests directly in ways discussed in previous chapters. In contrast with the discussions in previous chapters, this chapter steps up one trophic level to consider the effects of climate change on the populations of microorganisms, fungi, and insects that feed in and on forest trees.

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978-1-4612-7064-5Springer Science+Business Media New York 2000

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Responses of Northern U.S. Forests to Environmental Change978-1-4612-1256-0Series ISSN 0070-8356 Series E-ISSN 2196-971X