Titlebook: Renal Physiology; People and Ideas Carl W. Gottschalk (Career Investigator, Kenan Pro Book 1987 American Physiological Society 1987 Renal P

死亡率

Transport of Electrolytes Across Renal Tubules,mount of fluid in the glomerulus under the hydrostatic pressure generated by the heart, reabsorption of variable amounts of fluid and solutes by the epithelium lining the tubules, and secretion of some substances in the opposite direction from peritubular blood into the tubule fluid.

CAND

Formation of Concentrated Urine,ironment around the medullary collecting ducts in which the final concentrating process occurs by osmotic equilibration of the collecting duct contents with the hypertonie surroundings. Only some of the details remain in doubt concerning the processes by which that hypertonic environment is produced

要控制

flamboyant

Grievance

Acidification of Urine,color of certain vegetable dyes in acid and alkaline solutions. The Greek physician Galen (A.D. 129–199) in fact was aware of the acidic nature of certain body fluids, including urine. In his work . (17), he wrote: “..” Strong acids were first produced in India, and their use spread to China and the

choroid

紋章

Diuretics and Renal Drug Development,ase the flow of urine, and it was thought vaguely that this was helpful in the treatment of cardiac edema, or dropsy. The word . comes from the Greek . (through) and . (urine) through Latin and Middle English.

antenna

Micropuncture and Microperfusion,ned endeavor. There followed a gap in time, a full decade, before others started, afresh and in many directions, where the previous group had ended. It is because of this particular course of events that one can look upon the history of this field as consisting of two stages, one before and the other after World War II.

THROB

Urea Excretion,ersies of the last 150 years between the vitalist beliefs and the beliefs that biological phenomena can be explained by simple physicochemical forces. In 1843 Carl Ludwig (82; author’s translation) wrote:

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