Titlebook: Reinforced Concrete Design; W. H. Mosley,J. H. Bungey,R. Hulse Textbook 1999Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1999 composite con

lesion

Amenable

Limit state design,e precise loading and variations in the strength of the concrete and steel, these requirements have to be met. Three basic methods using factors of safety to achieve safe, workable structures have been developed; they are

粗語(yǔ)

Serviceability, durability and stability requirements,nder working conditions, and mathematical methods of estimating deformations and cracking must be used. The design of water-retaining structures, and prestressed concrete, are both based primarily on the avoidance or limitation of cracking and these are considered separately in other chapters.

Credence

Design of reinforced concrete beams,king loads. It is difficult to separate these two criteria, hence the design procedure consists of a series of interrelated steps and checks. These steps are shown in detail in the flow chart in figure 7.1, but may be condensed into three basic design stages

exacerbate

Stricture

Foundations,excessive settlement may occur, resulting in damage to the building and its service facilities, such as the water or gas mains. Foundation failure can also affect the overall stability of a structure so that it is liable to slide, to lift vertically or even overturn.

象形文字

Properties of reinforced concrete,n, to a slender curved dome or shell. Its utility and versatility are achieved by combining the best features of concrete and steel. Consider some of the widely differing properties of these two materials that are listed below.

Intervention

Limit state design,he deformation of the members does not detract from the appearance, durability or performance of the structure. Despite the difficulty in assessing the precise loading and variations in the strength of the concrete and steel, these requirements have to be met. Three basic methods using factors of sa

虛情假意

Analysis of the structure,idual member must be capable of resisting the forces acting on it, so that the determination of these forces is an essential part of the design process. The full analysis of a rigid concrete frame is rarely simple; but simplified calculations of adequate precision can often be made if the basic acti

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