Titlebook: Referendums Around the World; Matt Qvortrup Book 2024Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licen

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978-3-031-49095-8The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl

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Referendums in Oceania, difficult to draw any specific conclusions regarding the causes of the use of direct democracy in Oceania apart from the obvious that this device remains a potent weapon for politicians to neutralize a complex and controversial issue.

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Referendums Around the World: Final Thoughts,irect democracy can result in consensus politics, like in Switzerland, where counter-proposals have resulted in more centrist policies. But these tendencies are difficult to discern in countries where referendums are infrequent—and often lead to hostile polarisation.

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Referendums: Theory and History,eteenth century. It sums up the philosophy behind the referendum, namely to be a people’s veto. In addition, the chapter surveys the main consequences of referendums, and what determines their use. It is concluded that by developing mechanisms for letting out political steam in the form of referendu

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Europe,he use of the device in both long-established polyarchies in Western Europe and in more recently developed democracies in former Communist countries. Despite criticism of individual referendum results, it is concluded that overall, the individual voter’s decision to support or reject a referendum is

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Referendums in Oceania,ards the use of referendums. In this chapter, the focus is mainly on the region’s largest country. Despite the origins as a mechanism proposed by Labor, referendum has been a conservative force in Australian politics. Most referendums held have resulted in a defeat for the proposal espoused by this