Titlebook: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss; Sumita Mehta,Bindiya Gupta Book 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 Recurrent abortion.Miscarriage.Recu

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Normal Implantation, Placentation, and Fetal Developmentfertility or recurrent pregnancy loss. Ovulation and narrow window of fertilization is controlled by the ovarian steriods, which are under control of hypothalamic-pituatary axis (HPO). These hormones regenerate the endometrium after menstruation for next cycle of implantation. Implantation of fertli

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Normal Immune Function: Journey of the Fetus time permitting placental invasion and also preserving maternal defense against infections. The immune processes occurring at maternal fetal interface are highly dynamic with both maternal and fetal contributions. Development of maternal tolerance depends on unique embryo-derived signaling between

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Immunology and Pregnancy Lossdocumented cause of pregnancy loss can be found. The feto-placental unit evades rejection by the maternal immune system by poorly understood mechanisms. Each level in the establishment of normal pregnancy has been implicated as a possible site of immune-mediated reproductive failure. Both autoimmune

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The Evolving Role of Genetics in Recurrent Pregnancy Lossriages are due to chromosomal abnormalities of one of the two partners. Chromosomal trisomies are the most common cause, while single most specific cause is monosomy X. Numerical abnormalities and single gene defects are other important genetic abnormalities. Translocations are present in 2.2% of co

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Hormones in Recurrent Pregnancy Lossof RPL include luteal phase deficiency, untreated hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and diminished ovarian reserve. Although the diagnostic criteria for LPD are still controversial, treatment of patients with both RPL and LPD using progestogen in early pregnan