Titlebook: Reconciling Responsibility with Reality; A Comparative Analys Johannes Block Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), und

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Supplement

Indirect Perpetration Through an Organisation Under the Rome Statuteol over the crime and indirect perpetration through an organisation, applying arguments from both the international as well as the German academic debate. Other valid points of criticism aside, the theories are found to be based on an unconvincing concept of control over the crime that cannot credib

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Responsibility for Ordering a Crime Under the Jurisprudence of the , Tribunals for the Former Yugosldering liability to depict the highly blameworthy conduct of decision makers behind international crimes. The conclusion is further backed by a textual interpretation of jurisprudence, as well as an analysis the implications of modes of liability on sentencing.

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Comparison and Evaluationntencing rules indicate that commission liability should be punished more severely than ordering liability. The concepts of expressive justice and fair labelling do not favour an application of indirect perpetration through an organisation on leadership figures either, as the doctrine provides no in

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Conclusion: The Responsibility of Decision Makers for Ordering the Commission of International Crime international criminal law could look like. It is suggested that descriptive forms of responsibility based on direct linkage principles such as ordering and planning should play a greater role due to their precise description of the actor’s wrongdoing and their potential contribution to fair labell