Titlebook: Ranaviruses; Lethal Pathogens of Matthew J. Gray,V. Gregory Chinchar Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2015 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 201

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Introduction: History and Future of Ranaviruses,earch Hospital, a variety of frog-related items including the poem cited above. Although one of Allan’s isolates, Frog virus 3 (FV3), subsequently became the best-characterized member of both the genus (.) and the family (.); the impact of that discovery was not fully appreciated at the time. FV3 wa

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Ranavirus Ecology and Evolution: From Epidemiology to Extinction,e of effects on their host populations, from apparently benign infections to mass mortality and local extirpation. In this chapter, we review the current status of ranavirus epidemiology and ecology in amphibians, fish, and reptiles. Ranavirus epidemics in amphibians and fish usually have a rapid on

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Ranavirus Replication: Molecular, Cellular, and Immunological Events, the family. Viral DNA replication initially takes place within the nucleus and results in the formation of genome-sized molecules. Subsequently, viral DNA is transported into the cytoplasm wherein a second round of DNA synthesis takes place in which concatemers 10–20-times the size of the viral gen

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Ranavirus Host Immunity and Immune Evasion,the escalating infection prevalence and the resulting die-offs of wild and aquacultural species. Notably, ranaviruses exhibit uncanny capacities to cross host species barriers of their poikilothermic hosts, likely owing to their potent immune evasion mechanisms. In turn, the species infected by thes

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Comparative Pathology of Ranaviruses and Diagnostic Techniques,hoose are key to detecting ranaviruses and in determining whether they are a factor in morbidity and mortality events. Whether infection occurs in fish, reptiles, or amphibians, clinical disease is typically acute and can affect a high proportion of the population. Among ectothermic vertebrates, aff

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Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2015hey have caused mass die-offs of ectothermic vertebrates in wild and captive populations around the globe. There is evidence that this pathogen is emerging and responsible for population declines in certain locations. Considering that amphibians and freshwater turtles are suitable hosts and the most