Titlebook: Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2; Sub-Systems and Syst Mohammed N. Islam Book 2004 Springer-Verlag New York 2004 Dispersion.Laser.

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Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2978-0-387-21585-3Series ISSN 0342-4111 Series E-ISSN 1556-1534

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S-Band Raman Amplifiers led to requirements for higher throughput of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission systems. Two approaches have been pursued to address the increasing throughput requirements, namely, increasing the spectral efficiency of WDM systems within existing transmission bands, and increasing o

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Raman Fiber Lasersespite its advantages over erbium-doped fiber, Raman amplification was not used in the first generation of deployed optically amplified systems. One of the principal reasons for this was the lack of reliable high-power pump sources needed for Raman amplification. It was in this environment that the

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Distributed Raman Transmission: Applications and Fiber Issuescase of the Raman effect, the spectral shift of scattered light from “molecules in dust-free liquids or gases” observed in 1928 [1, 2] has long been used for the spectroscopic characterization of materials. Yet application of it to amplification in optical fiber has had a long wait: both for the dev

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Hybrid EDFA/Raman Amplifiersa hybrid amplifier (HA), the EDFA/Raman HA. Two kinds of HA are defined in this chapter: the narrowband HA (NB-HA) and the seamless and wideband HA (SWB-HA). The NB-HA employs distributed Raman amplification in the transmission fiber together with an EDFA and provides low noise transmission in the C

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Wideband Raman Amplifiersresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 50 to 100 nm or more. We start by explaining the need for WBAs, and briefly review some of the key enabling technologies for wideband systems. Section 14.2 describes several approaches for WBA, including the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Raman ampli

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Multiple Path Interference and Its Impact on System Designan optical path. When designing such systems, many mechanisms that degrade the transfer of information must be taken into account. Until the late 1990s, the main causes of signal degradation in transmission were . and . (ASE) from optical amplifiers. More recently, however, a third type of system de