Titlebook: Radiology Illustrated: Spine; Joon Woo Lee,Eugene Lee,Heung Sik Kang Book 2023Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(

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Spinal Vascular Malformation arteriovenous fistula. Intramedullary cavernous hemangioma is also a type of congenital spinal vascular malformation. Spinal vascular malformations can be differentiated into true congenital lesions and acquired lesions, the latter being the dural arteriovenous (AV) fistulae, whereas arteriovenous

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Anatomic Considerations of the Spiney, the intervertebral disk shows central T2 hyperintensity and peripheral T2 hypointensity. The spinal nerve roots are named with respect to the corresponding lower vertebral level from C1 to C7 and to the corresponding upper vertebral level from T1 to S5, due to the C8 nerve root situated between the C7 and T1 vertebrae.

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Postoperative Imagingdural scar from recurrent disk herniation at any period, and (5) determining fusion or pseudoarthrosis in the late postoperative period. In this chapter, we will describe imaging findings useful in the evaluation of the postoperative spine, focusing on the abovementioned issues.