Titlebook: Quantitative Methods in Biological and Medical Sciences; A Historical Essay H. O. Lancaster Textbook 1994 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. 19

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Classification of Diseases, main justifications for this separation. The Linnean system is unnatural, for the classification into classes and orders by the numbers of stamens and of pistils does not always succeed in bringing together closely related taxa. Further, in biology there is a need to harmonize the classification wi

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Applications of Mathematics to Biology and Medicine,rk Ages of the Western Christian world. A principal mathematician in the revival of the West was Fibonacci (floruit 1225), who was skilled in algebra and arithmetic and whose problems of the population of rabbits we have discussed in §6.6. Our next authors are Kepler (floruit 1600), an astronomer, w

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Wounds and Hospital Infections, the aged and chronically ill in the years 1366 to 1368, for 7,500 died per annum or about 20 per day out of a mean hospital population of 900. It was called upon in emergency; thus in 1592, 63,000 died of bubonic plague there and during the Fronde insurrection the number of sick and wounded rose to 4,000.

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Applications of Mathematics to Biology and Medicine,ith his analysis of the physics of sight (see §15.1), and Harvey (floruit 1625), who, although not a mathematician, attached neat experimental proofs to his statements of new observations. By the time of Descartes (floruit 1625) and Leibniz (floruit 1675), mathematics could be said to have become highly developed.

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Textbook 1994, from which I formed many of my ideas in the early days immediately after the Second World War. In later years, I decided that the scope of his works was narrower than what I think is appropriate now, for he was writing in an era before the acceptance and use of the Fisherian methods and he was pro

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Epidemiology of Noninfectious Diseases,lty in the Middle Ages, say, in differentiating between diseases that were infectious in the modern sense and those that were not, even if the diseases had been clearly identifiable. These difficulties have persisted into recent times as is recounted below in the discussion on pellagra.

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Modern Clinical Trials,d approach in the selection of controls was that of the Medical Research Council (1948), a test of streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculosis. This article has now been reprinted in Hill (1962). and we summarize here its salient points.

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