Titlebook: Orientation in Birds; P. Berthold Book 1991 Birkh?user Verlag 1991 migration.research.science

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Conceptual Approaches to Avian Navigation Systems,mably visual-familiar landmarks completes the repertoire of mechanisms guiding a bird back home. These mechanisms are considered to be based on different kinds of ‘maps’ and ‘compasses’. Conceptual approaches to the properties of an ‘olfactory map’ have as yet only reached an early state of speculat

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Ecological Causes and Consequences of Bird Orientation,ts in the evolution of migration routes may be most easily disclosed at high geographic and magnetic latitudes. Here the birds are faced with special difficulties in using their celestial as well as their magnetic compasses. The sun compass could be used for great circle orientation, but observed sp

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Book 1991s as obscure now as it was a few decades ago. Whether and how birds solve this problem by using far ranging grid-maps or more local familiar-area maps, as has been proposed off and on, is still a matter of heated debates. These debates frequently center around provocative hypotheses - let alone the

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