Titlebook: Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy; Volume II André Heck Book 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2001 Nation.astronomy.a

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Organising and Funding Research at a European Level,arch is frequently perceived in nationalistic terms, primarily because it is viewed as leading directly to economic benefit. Despite this, a number of initiatives have been established at the European level since the 1950’s. Their history is somewhat erratic and is now dominated by the European Unio

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OPTICON: EC Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy,e optical-infrared telescopes, the largest corresponding data archives, and several user representatives. The OPTICON partners work with their communities to identify those major challenges for the future development of European optical-infrared astronomy which require Europe-wide collaboration. OPT

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New Strategies in Ground-Based Observing,arp relief. Historically, optical, infrared and submillimetre astronomers travelled to the telescope to take up their allotted nights, booked well in advance, and in so doing took their chances that the weather would co-operate. The obvious drawback is that there is no guarantee that the most scient

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Large Surveys in Cosmology: The Changing Sociology,physics experiments and the human genome projects. We discuss the role of young researchers, the issue of multiple authorship, and ways to communicate effectively in teams of tens to hundreds of collaborators.

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Scientometrics: The Research Field and its Journal,. is given. Statistical characteristics of its authors, co-authors, references and citations are used to reveal the structure and dynamics of the research community and the intellectual environment of the field. An outlook to the expected future challenges concludes the review.

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Comments on Refereeing,ficiently a reliable and clear publication. The purposes for reviewing manuscripts and the need to do so are given. The advantages and disadvantages of the two refereeing systems (parallel and series) are presented. Policies for selecting referees, their qualifications, how long to wait for reports,

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Communicating and Networking in Astronomy Libraries,leagues, library users and publishers, as opposed to more for-mal methods of communication. While the most appropriate strategy may vary according to the librarian’s function and role within an organization, communicating and networking among astronomy librarians in general isexcellent and has led t