Titlebook: Optic Nerve Disorders; Diagnosis and Manage Jane W. Chan Book 2014Latest edition Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 glaucomatous

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Papilledema,rome (PTCS) is now used to denote idiopathic and secondary etiologies of increased intracranial hypertension. Common symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) are headache, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile tinnitus. Visual acuity may range from normal to no light perception. The v

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Compressive and Infiltrative Optic Neuropathies,ompressing the orbital optic nerve include optic nerve sheath meningiomas, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, and idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. Suprasellar tumors, such as pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas, can affect the optic chiasm. Internal carotid, carotid-ophthalmic, and an

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Nutritional and Toxic Optic Neuropathies,pillomacular bundle (PMB). PMB fibers are most susceptible to injury as they are small, unmyelinated, and have high energy demands. These optic neuropathies share a presumed common pathophysiology of mitochondrial dysfunction..Acquired mitochondrial optic neuropathies (MONs) can be categorized into

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