Titlebook: Oesophageal Atresia; S. W. Beasley (Consultant Paediatric Surgeon),N. A Book 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1991 anatomy.c

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無意

Associated anomaliesReference to associated anomalies in oesophageal atresia started with its first description in 1670 when Durston documented oesophageal atresia in one of conjoined twins (Durston, 1670). Later, Hill (1840) reported the association between oesophageal atresia and anorectal anomalies.

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Oesophageal atresia without fistulaon for this is that when a fistula is not present there is almost always a long gap between the oesophageal ends, making oesophageal continuity difficult to achieve. Resort to oesophageal replacement is sometimes necessary, despite the relatively high rate of complications.

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Tracheo-oesophageal fistula: the ‘H’ fistulacribed because the oesophagus is intact and patent. By common usage, it has become known as the ‘H’ fistula although the apparent obliquity of the fistula on X-ray has encouraged some to use the term ‘N’ fistula (Figure 13.2). The embryology is discussed in Chapter 3.

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The early history of oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistulaibed the clinical presentation and pathology, but as time passed, an increasing interest in the surgical management developed. The critical year was 1888, the year in which Charles Steele made the first surgical attempt at correction of the anomaly. Significant events in the understanding and manage

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散步

Embryologya depression develops on the ventral wall of the foregut which is called the laryngotracheal groove. Classical descriptions (Gray, 1972; Gray and Skandalakis, 1972) suggest that the groove deepens and its lips fuse from its caudal end to form a septum which converts the groove into a tube, the laryn

chalice

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Diagnosis until after birth. In patients with oesophageal atresia it is necessary first to demonstrate complete oesophageal obstruction. Once this has been done the type of anomaly and the presence of other major anomalies must be determined. Associated congenital anomalies are found in approximately 50% of

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