Titlebook: Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe; Alexander Grab Textbook 2003Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2003

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旁觀者

,The Janus Face of Napoleon’s Rule: Reform and Exploitation,d most effective in Europe.. Marshal Masséna echoed this belief, typical of what Stuart Woolf named “cultural imperialism,” when he stated: “Only the efforts of France can stop Europe from falling back into barbarism into which her enemies are plunging her.” . Napoleon was confident that the people

ALIEN

France,d to the government’s unpopularity and deepened the religious schism in France. Although the Directory solved the public debt problem, it did so by canceling much of the national debt, thus alienating many lenders. Friction and rivalry among the five members of the Directory further weakened the gov

銀版照相

Switzerland, Valtelina and Chiavenna. In addition to this complex variation, the canton of Geneva, an independent republic, and Neuchatel, a principality ruled by the King of Prussia, were linked to the Swiss Confederation through treaties, although neither constituted an official part of it.

FLASK

災(zāi)禍

The Illyrian Provinces, (Dubrovnik), on the other hand, was an independent and prosperous Republican city-state that had managed to preserve its independence until the French occupied it in 1808. The Illyrian Provinces also included Croatia, south of the River Sava, and part of Tyrol, added in 1810. The main cities includ

防止

The Collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, a recession in 1810–11 hurt industry. The Continental Blockade continued to hurt French ports considerably. and caused a shortage of raw material from the colonies, which harmed industrialists. Grain shortages provoked bread riots and misery spread through many parts. French Catholics shared the an

FOLLY

many, the Illyrian Provinces, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland.- analyses Napoleon‘s exploitation of occupied Europe.- discusses the broad reform policies Napoleon launched in Europe, assesses their success, and argues that the French leader was a major reformer and a catalyst of modernity on a European scale

Cpap155

xtent of non-lethal morbidity associated with these infections. While the percentage of individuals with severe hepatosplenic disease remains below 10%, recent reassessments of morbidity associated with schistosomiasis indicate that the prevelance of symptoms and the cost in diability-adjusted life

GUISE

Alexander Grabxtent of non-lethal morbidity associated with these infections. While the percentage of individuals with severe hepatosplenic disease remains below 10%, recent reassessments of morbidity associated with schistosomiasis indicate that the prevelance of symptoms and the cost in diability-adjusted life