Titlebook: Metastasis Research Protocols; Susan A. Brooks,Udo Schumacher Book 20011st edition Humana Press 2001 Grading.angiogenesis.cells.migration.

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Measurement of Microvessel Density in Primary Tumorst, wound healing, and the female reproductive cycle. However, angiogenesis has also been shown to be required for tumor growth and metastasis (.). On the basis of experiments showing that tumors implanted into isolated perfused organs failed to develop whereas the same tumors implanted within 6 mm o

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Flow Cytometric Measurement of Cell Proliferations. Measurement of such histograms was one of the earliest applications of flow cytometry, being first reported in the late 1960s. SPF is the fraction of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and is broadly equivalent to a tritiated thymidine labeling index ([.H]TdR LI). The advantages of SPF as a p

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SDS -PAGE and Western Blotting Techniques of proteins that has been fractionated in a polyacrylamide gel and immobilized onto a membrane. Immunoblotting can be used to determine a number of important characteristics of protein antigens-the presence and quantity of an antigen, the relative molecular weight of the polypeptide chain, and the

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Assessment of Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Gelatin ZymographyECM). The hydrolysis of the ECM appears to facilitate tumor cell migration contributing to the metastatic dissemination of malignant cells (.). A major group of proteases that has been directly associated with tumor metastasis is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of endopeptidases known

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Fluorescence itIn Situ Hybridizationfree nuclei, nuclei in tissue sections, and DNA) followed by visualisation of the location of the probe. Since its development about 30 yr ago (1,2), it has transformed into a highly effective and rapid technique for uses such as characterizing chromosome aberrations, gene mapping, and marker orderi

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Comparative Genomic Hybridization (.). It is being used increasingly in the study of cancer genetics to identify genes important in the initiation, progression, and, of particular relevance here, metastasis of tumors (.).One of the advantages of the technique is that the entire genome is examined in a single experiment, so there is

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RNA Purification and Quantification Methodsrom either tissues or cell culture and then describes the quantification by ribonuclease protection assay..Having initially purified the cellular RNA the technique of ribonuclease protection relies on generation of a radioactive probe of antisense messenger RNA that is homologous to, and therefore c