Titlebook: Mathematical Theory of Democracy; Andranik Tangian Book 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Arrow‘s Paradox.Condorcet‘s Paradox.Re

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Haphazard

Representative Democracyuling coalition. Moreover, the actual practice of coalition formation can further aggravate the low representativeness of the parliament. Thereby it is shown that representative democracy, as it is, guarantees no adequate representation of public opinion even in Germany with its multiparty system and strong social-democratic traditions.

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hedonic

1614-0311 a computational instead of an axiomatic approach, implying .The mathematical theory of democracy deals with selection of representatives who make decisions on behalf of the whole society. In this book, the notion of representativeness is operationalized with the index of popularity (the average per

Deceit

Book 2014ion of representativeness is operationalized with the index of popularity (the average percentage of the population whose opinion is represented on a number of issues) and the index of universality (the frequency of cases when the opinion of a majority is represented). These indices are applied to e

Fraudulent

Athenian Democracy and Solon in 621– 594 BC, and tyranny of Peisistratos and his sons in the 6th century BC, through to the full institutionalization of democracy by Cleisthenes in 508/7 BC, in the Golden Age under Ephialtes and Pericles in the middle of the 5th century BC, and its subsequent decline in the 4th centu

聚集

Echoes of Democracy in Ancient Romehich combines elements of monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. This chapter outlines the development of this theory and illustrates its implementation with an example of the Roman Republic (509 – ca. 30 BC). There, participation by the people was assumed to provide political stability and social cohes

言行自由

Revival of Democracy in Italian Medieval City-Republicson of Venetian and Florentine Republics are considered as most exemplary. Although the former had rather aristocratic and the latter oligarchical character, both assumed participation by the people — or a significant part thereof — in the form of assemblies and the election of magistrates. However,

天真

Enlightenment and the End of Traditional Democracy, American and Polish Revolutions. At the same time, the Enlightenment left a historical puzzle. Although both of its leading political thinkers, Montesquieu and Rousseau, explicitly linked selection of magistrates by lot to democracy and election by vote to aristocracy, the post- Enlightenment demo