Titlebook: Mathematical Principles in Bioinformatics; Stephen S.-T. Yau,Xin Zhao,Hongyu Yu Textbook 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author

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Biological Overview,are large molecules made by joining small molecules (monomers) into polymers, are of most interest to us. There are three types of macromolecules: DNA, RNA, and protein. In this chapter, we will introduce their components, structures, and properties and show how DNA templates RNA and protein.

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The Development and Applications of the Natural Vector Method,d discuss its properties and advantages. Then we will apply this method together to several biological problems. Finally, we show that the natural vector method can be generalized to produce some other alignment-free methods.

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Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematicshttp://image.papertrans.cn/m/image/626517.jpg

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