Titlebook: Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia; Status, Challenges a I. Faridah-Hanum,A. Latiff,Munir Ozturk Book 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New Yor

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Distribution and Current Status of Mangrove Forests in Indonesia,al meters to several kilometers. They grow extensively along the inner facing coastlines of most of the large islands and estuarine. They consist of various community types, either mixed or pure stands, mainly distributed in the five big islands (Jawa, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua). In 2009,

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Mangrove Forests in Thailand, nutrients to the surrounding seas. Further, these forests protect the local environment by acting like a green wall that reduces coastal erosion and helps reduce effects of heavy waves and strong winds on the coast. Climate change will undoubtedly adversely affect this ecosystem. Rising sea levels

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,Philippines’ Mangrove Ecosystem: Status, Threats and Conservation,aphical isolation, diverse habitats and high rates of endemism. It ranks fifth globally in terms of the number of plant species and maintains 5?% of the world’s flora. In mangroves alone, the country holds at least 50?% mangrove species of the world’s approximately 65 species. However, due to anthro

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