Titlebook: Management of Urothelial Carcinoma; Ja Hyeon Ku Book 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 urothelial carcinoma.upper tract urothel

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Corral

FOVEA

Deference

Cystoscopyoma. Standard white light rigid scope has excellent visualization and is cost-effective but has risk of urethral trauma and missing shadow zone lesion. Flexible cystoscopy is less traumatic and has no shadow zone; however, it has low visual quality and requires longer learning curve. Standard white

insular

Urine Cytology and Emerging Biomarkerswithin 5?years. For this reason, close monitoring for early detection of recurrence is essential in following up of NMIBC patients. Current gold standard for surveillance of NMIBC is based on visual inspection through cystoscopy and concurrent urine cytology examination. Urine cytology offers high s

折磨

Modifiable Risk Factor to Preventiontionship with bladder cancer incidence. However, the risk of bladder cancer remained even after quitting smoking, with 50% chance in 20-year ex-smokers..Avoidance of occupational exposure of carcinogen is also very effective; however it has limitation to application. Despite many occupational carcin

Alcove

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumorment but also for diagnosis by accurate staging and grading..Most of bladder cancer is diagnosed as non-muscle invasive tumor, but control of recurrence and progression is a major issue in bladder cancer management. Single, low-grade, noninvasive tumor could be treated by TURBT alone, but if there a

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Erythropoietin

Early Radical Cystectomyadical cystectomy cannot be avoided. Delayed cystectomy is related to worse oncological outcome; thus, early cystectomy (after bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG] failure) or immediate cystectomy (immediately after the diagnosis of NMIBC) is recommended. The 5-year disease-free survival after radical cys

DAFT

Radical Cystectomyng cause of cancer deaths in the United States. About 12,000 people die each year from bladder cancer. In 2017, there were 79,030 cases of bladder cancer, and 16,870 patients died of bladder cancer in the United States. At the initial diagnosis, 20–30% are diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder canc