Titlebook: Low Dose Exposures in the Environment; Dose-Effect Relation Christian Streffer,H. Bolt,E. Swaton,Friederike Wü Book 2004 Springer-Verlag Be

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Risk Evaluation and Communication, is beyond their control. Decisions involving involuntary risks are often dominated by emotional arguments, as has been amply demonstrated in the controversy about electricity producing technologies, and here especially about nuclear power (Chiosila 1996; Scholz 1996; Ansel 1997; Stoll 1997; Tanguy

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Summary,nges with measurable effects. The extrapolation is accompanied with uncertainties which makes risk evaluation as well as risk communication frequently problematic. For the regulatory processes besides legal requirements and administrative procedures, ethical, social and economic aspects are importan

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Book 2004isk estimation can only be achieved by extrapolation from higher doses with measurable effects. The extrapolation is accompanied with uncertainties which makes risk evaluation as well as risk communication frequently problematic. In order to ensure rational efficient and fair decisions beyond a soun

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modelling, its purpose, uses and the different stages that make up a LUCC modelling exercise (Sect.?.). We also offer a brief introduction to the different types of LUCC models currently available. Finally, we present the concepts of uncertainty and validation and offer a brief introduction to the t

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Christian Streffer,H. Bolt,D. F?llesdal,P. Hall,J. G. Hengstler,P. Jakob,D. Oughton,K. Prie?,E. Rehbhis order, the tools for validating Land Use Cover data based on basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation (see chapter “.”), metrics based on the Cross-Tabulation matrix (see chapter “.”), Pontius Jr. methods based on the Cross-Tabulation matrix (see chapter “.”), validation practices with sof

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Christian Streffer,H. Bolt,D. F?llesdal,P. Hall,J. G. Hengstler,P. Jakob,D. Oughton,K. Prie?,E. Rehbpoints could also be used as reference data for these analyses. Examples of Cross-Tabulation analyses at one and multiple resolutions are presented for four different cases: to validate single LUC maps, to validate the soft maps produced by a model, to validate a simulation exercise and to validate