Titlebook: Literature, Science, and Animal Advocacy in Canada; Practical Zoocritici Candice Allmark-Kent Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and T

紀念

1950s–1980s Contextsswept through the sciences. By challenging the dominance of mechanomorphic language in behaviourism and ethology, it enabled the new field of cognitive ethology to develop in the 1970s. Explicitly concerned with the topic of consciousness, cognitive ethology reintroduced questions of animal minds an

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1950s–1980s Textssame question of knowing other animals that had preoccupied science decades before. Many took the stance of ‘unknowability’ established by early twentieth-century ethologists and behaviourists. Yet the cognitive revolution’s attempts to study animal language and consciousness were opening up new pat

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1980s–2000s Contextsd a hundred years earlier had come ‘full circle’ by the end of the twentieth century. In the sciences, cognitive ethologists were attempting to study the emotions and consciousness of other animals, just as early comparative psychologists had done. They even embraced a limited form of ‘introspection

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Introduction,t models of Canadian literary analysis that presumed a continuity between sympathetic stories and a sympathetic ‘national psyche.’ To better account for the diversity of fictional animals, this chapter presents a method of categorizing representation based on degrees of ‘knowing.’

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1860s–1900s Textsroach illuminates their various attempts to contribute to both science and animal advocacy at the time. Although the wild animal story attracts little respect today, it was a true innovation in animal representation at the time. Its legacy casts a long shadow that shaped subsequent English-Canadian animal fiction for decades.

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1900s–1950s Contextsife management. Within this atmosphere, humane societies made little significant progress and discussions of animal rights were absent. As a result, there were no meaningful improvements to federal anti-cruelty laws during the opening decades of the twentieth century.

Terminal

1950s–1980s Contexts of predators. Growing animal advocacy movements began to receive wider public attention during this period. In this atmosphere, some advocates also reintroduced the question of animals having . for the first time in eighty years.