Titlebook: Linear Prediction of Speech; John D. Markel,Augustine H. Gray Book 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1976 Automatische Spracherkennun

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John D. Markel,Augustine H. Gray Jr.isation des données, les langages de base de données, l‘a(chǎn)rchitecture des systèmes et l‘évolution post-relationnelle. ..- Notions fondamentales: le modèle relationnel, les composants d’un système de gestion de bases de données, l’organisation de la mise en ?uvre d’une base de données, les taches de g

Certainty

Introduction,ty that no single model has been developed which can account for all of the observed characteristics in human speech (nor would one probably desire such a model because of its inevitable complexity). A basic criterion of modeling is to find mathematical relations which can be used to represent a lim

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Formulations,968, Atal and Schroeder [1967, 1968 b, 1968 c] published results on predictive coding of speech signals. Itakura and Saito also published a condensed English version of the maximum likelihood estimation procedure in 1968 and a detailed presentation in 1970. In 1970, Atal [1970 a] presented the first

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Acoustic Tube Modeling,1960; Kelly and Lochbaum, 1962]. In these studies, it was shown that from a given tube shape, the resonance frequencies could be obtained. The important inverse problem of determining a unique tube shape from resonance characteristics has received considerable attention in the studies by Schroeder a

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Spectral Analysis,ous methods have been proposed for representing the spectral characteristics of speech, such as bandpass filter sampling and analysis-by-synthesis, there are a number of reasons why linear prediction techniques are becoming widely used.

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Automatic Formant Trajectory Estimation, acoustical speech parameters (in the sense that they are relatable to the physical production of speech and are parameters of the analog vocal tract model) are the formant and fundamental frequency parameters.

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Fundamental Frequency Estimation,lly considered to be one of the acoustical correlates to the perceived intonation pattern of speech. If the fundamental frequency of a speaker is constant, the speech would be perceived as being machine-like or monotone. If the speaker is excited, the fundamental frequency generally increases. It is