Titlebook: Light microscopic techniques in biology and medicine; J. James Book 1976 Martinus Nijhoff Medical Division 1976 Laboratory.biology.care.ev

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Condenser and Illuminationfrom an outside source. In fact it may be even stated that the microscopic image is formed by light from the light source, as modulated by the specimen. It has also been explained that the best approach to a self-luminous object (which would be ideal from an optical point of view) is reached by form

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Special Techniques of Illuminationlel to the optical axis in the centre to oblique rays in the mantle of the illumination cone. As explained in chapter 6 and 7, the aperture of the illumination is adapted to that of the objective by means of the substage diaphragm; rays too oblique to enter the objective only give rise to glare and

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Measurements with the Microscopeses of comparison with observations from other workers in the field, it may be desirable to know e.g. the exact dimensions of a particular detail observed in a microscopic specimen. Apart from linear dimensions, the only parameter which could be measured until the not too distant past, currently mor

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Special Techniques of Image FormationThe formation of an image of a microscopic specimen depends on the changes brought about in the image-forming agent by the specimen. This not only holds true for light microscopy, but also for microscopy with X-rays or electron rays (chapter 12).

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Microscopy with Invisible Electromagnetic Radiationh within certain limits. The range of wavelength which can be perceived with the human eye, visible light, forms only a small fraction of the wavelength range of what is called light and this again is only a very small segment of the electromagnetic spectrum, as can be seen from the review scheme of fig. 12.1.