Titlebook: Life-Threatening Rashes; An Illustrated, Prac Emily Rose Book 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 life

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The Algorithmic Approach to the Unidentified Rash, to the ED patient with a rash. A set of four algorithms are presented dividing rashes into diffuse erythema, maculopapular, vesiculobullous, and petechial or purpuric. For each category, the key distinguishing features are included that help differentiate the common from life-threatening conditions

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Pemphigus Vulgaris,l lesions most commonly occur in the mouth, but any mucosal surface may be involved. Cutaneous blisters and bullae usually occur after mucosal lesions form, are typically painful and not pruritic, and are associated with positive Nikolsky sign. Fever is atypical and suggests superinfection. Diagnosi

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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis,ons and carries a high mortality. It is typically characterized by a nonspecific flu-like prodrome, followed by round macular or patchy dusky erythematous lesions of the skin that coalesce and develop into bullae, resembling painful thermal burns. Additionally most patients will have mucus membrane

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Erythema Multiforme,s most commonly triggered by herpes simplex virus infection but may also be precipitated by a host of other conditions or exposures. The rash is characterized by polymorphous, acrally distributed lesions with a characteristic targetoid appearance. Erythema multiforme major is the rarer form and defi

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Measles,e rash as roseola-like. Think of the other findings as Kawasaki disease-like but with the addition of significant respiratory symptoms. The enanthem (Koplik spots) is pathognomonic. Measles is highly vaccine preventable, but there are many children who are nonimmunized, which creates a risk for a me

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Kawasaki Disease,ting at least 5?days and at least four out of five features (extremity changes, polymorphous exanthem, conjunctival injection, oral/lip changes, and cervical lymphadenopathy). Patients with KD will almost always have an elevated C-reactive protein and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. KD is treated

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Toxic Shock Syndrome,tic criteria for TSS vary depending on the causal bacteria though symptoms typically involve hypotension in addition to multiorgan involvement. Making the diagnosis of TSS can be challenging as symptoms tend to be nonspecific and multisystemic. Characteristic skin findings of macular erythroderma an

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Scarlet Fever,resentation, as well as describe the treatment and complications. This chapter will also discuss some of the common mimics of scarlet fever. The goal of this chapter is to give an understanding the urgencies and emergencies of scarlet fever, and its management, for the health-care professional.

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