Titlebook: Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics; Jaakko Hintikka Book 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1998 Area.Gottlob Frege.Math

NIL

linear

Standard vs. Nonstandard Distinction: A Watershed in the Foundations of Mathematics,foundations of mathematics. The distinction was first formulated explicitly, though not quite generally, by Leon Henkin in 1950.. He called it a distinction between the standard and the nonstandard interpretation of higher-order logic. I will follow his terminology, even though it may not be the mos

愛花花兒憤怒

酷熱

,The Skeleton in Frege’s Cupboard: The Standard Versus Nonstandard Distinction, second-order quan-tifier that involves a one-place class or predicate variable, say, .. Its values can be taken to be either classes of ndividuals or properties (concepts) of individuals. In either case, the same dilemma confronts a higher-order logician, even if its horns look different on the two

破裂

愛國者

恩惠

,Model Minimization — An Alternative to Circumscription,rue in all the minimal finite models of the premise T. A way of modifying one of the usual proof procedures for first-order logic (the . method) is given which captures this idea. The result is shown to differ from the consequences of McCarthy’s circumscription schema. The resulting proof procedure

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Lasting

Jaakko Hintikkan the processes of policy learning, driven by ideas and shaped by historical, institutional, and political factors. The chapter starts by reviewing existing explanations of this variation, which see health reforms as the result of professional power, the influence of external actors, or global econo

青石板

Jaakko Hintikka pathology of these diseases depict postmortem studies conducted on workers with exceedingly heavy pulmonary dust burdens. While these observations are important, the pathological changes seen in severe, advanced cases of disease due to occupational exposure do not accurately reflect the pathologica