Titlebook: Introduction to Biomimetics and Bioinspiration; Materials and Surfac Bharat Bhushan Textbook 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Aut

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Strategies for Micropatterned, Nanopatterned, and Hierarchically Structured Lotus-like Surfaces,nding upon whether the surface is hydrophilic or hydrophobic (Bhushan and Jung 2011). Yost et al. (1995) found that roughness enhances wetting of a copper surface with Sn–Pb eutectic solder, which has a contact angle of 15°–20° for a smooth surface.

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Bio- and Inorganic Fouling,organic fouling. Biofouling is the accumulation of unwanted biological matter on surfaces, with biofilms created by microorganisms, and macroscale biofouling (simply called macrofouling) created by macroorganisms.