Titlebook: Introduction to Biometrics; Anil K. Jain,Arun A. Ross,Thomas Swearingen Textbook 2025Latest edition Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025 Bi

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Face Recognition,oremost part in one’s interactions with the outer world, the face houses most of the fundamental sensory organs necessary for perceiving the world around, namely, eyes for seeing, nose for smelling, mouth for tasting, and ears for hearing. The face is considered to be the most commonly used biometri

ICLE

Iris Recognition,o the agglomeration of multiple anatomical entities composing its structure. Due to the presence of distinctive information at multiple scales, a wavelet-based signal processing approach is commonly used to extract features from the iris. One of the most popular approaches to iris recognition genera

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Speaker Recognition,r ask for help. When you hear someone speak, you are aware of not only of what is being said, but the characteristics of the person saying it. A familiar voice is instantly recognizable—you can immediately recognize the voice of a close friend on a telephone call (even without caller ID!). The goal

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Multibiometrics,l are known as multibiometric systems. For example, face and iris traits, or fingerprints from all ten fingers of an individual, may be used together to accurately and robustly resolve the identity of the person. Multibiometric systems can overcome many of the limitations of unibiometric systems bec

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Security of Biometric Systems, When the biometric system fails to meet this objective, the security of the system is said to be breached. This breach of security can be in the form of denial-of-service to authorized users, intrusion by unauthorized users, repudiation attempts by authorized users, or misuse of the biometric data

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Anil K. Jain,Arun A. Ross,Karthik Nandakumar,Thomas Swearingent affect financial performance. Many corporations fulfil these wishes only to a limited extent. Although they publish information, they only select the information that is useful to them (“greenwashing”) or publish so much information that investors cannot get a clear overview of the sustainability

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Anil K. Jain,Arun A. Ross,Karthik Nandakumar,Thomas Swearingenrm as a means for resolving the clash between the treaty and climate action, that cannot be effectively managed through conflicts rules. Consequently, the text of the ‘modernised’ ECT is analysed, with particular attention to the ‘flexibility mechanism’ for the optional progressive carve out of foss

PATHY

Anil K. Jain,Arun A. Ross,Karthik Nandakumar,Thomas Swearingenlth funds managed by central banks. It argues that expansions of central banks’ responsibilities and activities in financial markets over the past decades, including that of managing sovereign wealth funds, increase the risk of climate lawsuits against central banks, and in particular, the risk of t

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Anil K. Jain,Arun A. Ross,Karthik Nandakumar,Thomas Swearingending societal problem. The findings reveal numerous national and regional factors affecting youth joblessness—not only market and economic challenges, but also deep sociocultural and political dynamics underlying the situations. Coverage details how the standard transition from school to work is dis