Titlebook: Islam‘s Renewal; Reform or Revolt? Derek Hopwood Book 2018 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 Islamic studies.Islamic ref

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Leaders Against Colonialismght off these invasions. They were all inspired by a desire to renew Islamic society. (i) In Daghestan Shamil opposed the Russians; (ii) in Algeria it was ‘Abd al-Qadir; (iii) in Sudan the Mahdi; and (iv) in Somalia the Mullah Muhammad ‘Abdallah. In different ways all four leaders failed.

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Palestine: The Root Cause of Muslim Despair solution has been achieved. This chapter looks at some of these reactions, and also at how Palestine has divided world opinion. In the future, Muslim renewal must be achieved alongside an equitable solution of the Arab/Israeli problem.

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