Titlebook: Intracranial and Spinal Radiotherapy; A Practical Guide on Lia M. Halasz,Simon S. Lo,Arjun Sahgal Book 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

或者發(fā)神韻

Arteriovenous Malformation,e the feeding arteries or draining veins. Dose prescription ranges from 20–25 Gy for small-volume AVM (<4 cm.) to 15–16 Gy for large volume AVM (10–14 cm.). Volume-staged SRS can be safely performed for AVM (>14 cm.) that previously were considered too large for SRS.

細(xì)微的差異

surrogate

反話

漫步

Hemangiopericytoma, in 25–30 fractions (fx). Grades 2 to 3 tumors benefit from a higher dose and 60 Gy in 30 fx can be considered. Case examples of tumors treated with this histology are presented along with suggested dose constraints for treatment planning consideration.

地殼

Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma, (70–78?Gy) to treat these tumors requires advanced radiation planning to protect the nearby critical structures including the brain stem, optic nerves, and spinal cord. In this chapter, we present a summary on each step of the radiation therapy planning and provide case examples of chordoma and chondrosarcoma involving the skull base and spine.

Breach

Brainstem Glioma,een shown to demonstrate some efficacy in the treatment modality for brainstem gliomas (Merchant et al., J Clin Oncol 27:3598–3604, 2009). Treatment volumes should be designed to encompass imaging abnormality on both contrast-enhanced and FLAIR MRI sequences. Stereotactic techniques are useful given the often small and eloquent target.

藥物

廚師

Proclaim