Titlebook: Information-Powered Engines; Tushar Kanti Saha Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Sprin

去掉

heckle

托人看管

progestin

Introduction,rgy scales and are usually not affected by the thermal fluctuations in their environment, which are of order . in energy. (Here, . is Boltzmann’s constant and . is the temperature of the local environment.) By contrast, small molecular motors, which power cellular functions in living organisms, oper

泄露

Theory Background, position of the bead at discrete time intervals, we derive the discrete-time equation of motion describing the bead’s position from one measurement to the next. The motion of the bead arises from external forces, which could be either deterministic or stochastic. The work done by the external force

儲(chǔ)備

怕失去錢

Introduction,nes that convert some form of energy into useful work. Some of the more common traditional engines include heat engines, hydroelectric power plants, and wind-powered turbines. Heat engines convert heat, generated from combustion of charcoal, diesel, etc., into mechanical motion. Hydroelectric power

Orgasm

Resistance

Experimental Apparatus,tion routines that convert the (nonlinear) voltage signal from the detector into a position of the bead in physical units. Then we discuss a method to measure the optical trap stiffness, bead’s diffusion constant, and the measurement noise of the position detector. We also present a method we develo

Ointment